RR Research

Research in Germany There are lots of reasons why Germany is so successful. One of the most important is close cooperation between universities, international research institutes and industry. Expert networks of this kind have established themselves in 32 regions of Germany. They operate nationwide and are able to produce innovations with particularly high value-added potential. They are embedded in a framework of innovation-friendly conditions and contribute to the regions’ profile creation. Cutting-edge research also takes place at hundreds of non-university institutions belonging to organisations like the Max Planck Society, the Helmholtz Association, the Leibniz Association, or the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft. It is here that scientists can find optimum conditions only available at very few other institutions worldwide. The Helmholtz Association alone, the largest of the organisations, employs a staff of about 24,000, 4,500 of whom come from abroad. It has a budget of 2.2 billion euros (2006) which is channeled into research areas such as energy, health and transportation.Internationalisation – Science without borders Germany's cabinet adopted the "Strategy for Internationalisation of Science and Research" on 20 February 2008. The government specifically aims to boost collaborative research with .. more»

As experienced aerospace professionals will attest, the most important aspect of the industry is research and development. Aerospace firms big and small throughout the world employ designers, jet engineers, and others to work solely in the research and development of new aircraft and aerospace technologies. Research and development departments came about largely because of the military mobilization of the Cold War throughout the world. New aircrafts, military weaponry, and flight technologies were needed to address national security concerns as well as facilitate commercial flight. To this day, research and development departments are key to the success or failure of a firm in the aerospace industry. One reason why research and development are so crucial in the creation of aircraft is that the competition is fierce within the industry. Thousands of aerospace firms throughout the world are competing in a global market to sell civilian and military aircraft to national governments and major firms. Research and development has been responsible for the creation of new aerospace technologies like the Stealth bomber, satellite flight guidance systems, and the computerization of the modern airport. The narrow margin of success .. more»

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES. The first significant application of controlled electricity in Cleveland was telegraphy, which made its appearance in the city in 1847 on the premises of the Lake Erie Telegraph Co. Fire-alarm boxes were the second useful manifestation of the "new" power in the city, and by 1865 there were 24 of them. The telephone came in 1877. Besides these communications uses, the other main areas of electric-industrial progress in the latter part of the 19th century were lighting, traction, and industrial motors, and in these areas as well, Cleveland's technical-entrepreneurial talent was quick to perceive opportunities and act on them. In the lighting field, CHARLES F. BRUSH was the most prominent innovator and entrepreneur of the period. His major contribution was the practical development and commercial exploitation of the arc light. Although the latter was invented in England in 1808, Brush devised its practical application by developing an improved dynamo to provide a steady current, and by making design changes in the arc fixture itself that improved the quality of the light and extended the working life of the carbon electrodes. He also redesigned .. more»